A Midsummer Nights Dream Essay - 1482 Words

A Midsummer Night’s Dream: by William Shakespeare William Shakespeare was born in April 1564. He had married at the age of eighteen to a twenty-six year old woman named Anne Hathaway in 1582. He had a daughter named Susanna and twins, Judith and Hamnet. Hamnet, his only son, died at age eleven. Shakespeare died in April 1616. Despite the fact that Shakespeare wrote some thirty-seven plays, owned part of his theatrical company, acted in plays, and retired a relatively wealthy man in the city of his birth, there is much we do not know about him (Jacobus, 167-169). One of the plays that Shakespeare wrote was A Midsummer Night’s Dream. A Midsummer Night’s Dream (1595-1596) is an early comedy and one of Shakespeare’s most beloved†¦show more content†¦The purpose of this essay is to reassess A Midsummer Night’s Dream as a dual-locale comedy, its meaning essentially linked to the dialectical relationship of Theseus’ court to the wood outside Athens. Such a reading brings together Renaissance attitudes to the revivification of classical mythology in the context of Christian neo-platonic doctrine, reinforces our expectations concerning the Shakespearean love ethic which, in the world of the comedies, ideally â€Å"looks not with the eyes but with the mind,† and attains contemporary pungency via its basis in beliefs concerning the power of witchcraft (Ormerod, 39-52). Puck plays a very important role in the play. The philologists long ago discovered the devilish origin of Puck. Puck is simply one of the names for the devil. His name was invoked to frighten women and children, together with the ogre and the incubus (Kott, 107). Puck was supposed to put a spell on Demetrius while he was sleep with love-juice so when he woke up he would fall in love with Helena. It didn’t quite work out that way. Puck had put the love-juice on the wrong person instead. He had cast theShow MoreRelatedA Midsummer Nights Dream772 Words   |  4 Pages In A Midsummer Nights Dream, one of the masterpieces of William Shakespeare, Shakespeare explores various aspects of love and friendship. With the help of the main characters such as Lysander, Demetrious Helena and Hermia, he endeavors that the path of love is full of obstacles, however, if one is committed and faithful, he/she can defy those obstacles leading him/her to success. As Lysander says â€Å"The course of true love never did run smooth†, the love stories presented in the playRead MoreMidsummer Nights Dream1886 Words   |  8 Pagesleads the troupe and plays Prologue Nick Bottom – weaver, plays Pyramus Francis Flute – bellows-mender, plays Thisbe Robin Starveling – tailor, plays Moonshine Tom Snout – tinker, plays Wall Snug – joiner, plays Lion Play Summary A Midsummer Nights Dream opens with Theseus and Hippolyta planning their wedding, which takes place in four days. Theseus is upset because time is moving so slowly, but Hippolyta assures him the four days will quickly pass. Their relationship has not always been soRead MoreUnreality in A Midsummer Nights Dream1693 Words   |  7 PagesUnreality in A Midsummer Nights Dream Shakespeares A Midsummer Nights Dream is a play that encompasses three worlds: the romantic world of the aristocratic lovers, the workday world of the rude mechanicals, and the fairy world of Titania and Oberon. And while all three worlds tangle and intertwine during the course of the play, it is the fairy world that has the greatest impact, for both the lovers and the mechanicals are changed by their brush with the children of Pan. For those whoseRead MoreMidsummer Nights Dream Essay1041 Words   |  5 PagesWilliam Shakespeare’s play A Midsummer Night’s Dream utilizes the technique of multiple characters playing leading roles. The fairy character Puck stands out as a dominant and leading role in the play. Puck is the best fit for the role of the protagonist because he is mischievous and therefore, has the ability to change the outcome of the play through his schemes and actions. As the protagonist, Puck is responsible for creating the major conflict that occurs between the four lovers throughout theRead MoreLove in A Midsummer Night’s Dream1043 Words   |  5 PagesLove in A Midsummer Night’s Dream Throughout the events which unfold in A Midsummer Night’s Dream, Shakespeare delivers several messages on love. Through this play, one of the significant ideas he suggests is that love is blind, often defying logic and overriding other emotions and priorities. Helena loves Demetrius unconditionally and pursues him despite knowing that he loathes her; conflict arises between Helena and Hermia, childhood best friends, over Demetrius and Lysander; and becauseRead MoreMetatheatre in a Midsummer Nights Dream1805 Words   |  8 PagesMETATHEATRE IN A MIDSUMMER NIGHT’S DREAM (SHAKESPEARE). The term metatheatre is used to refer to any instance in which a play draws attention to itself as a play, rather than pretending to be a representation of â€Å"reality.† Various uses of metatheatrical devices can be found in the works of William Shakespeare. One of Shakespeare’s favorite such devices is the â€Å"play-within-a-play.† With this device, the theatre audience finds itself watching an audience (on stage) watching a playRead MoreA Midsummer Nights Dream Essay1790 Words   |  8 Pagesâ€Å"A Midsummer Night’s Dream† Essay â€Å"A Midsummer Night’s Dream†, one of Shakespeare’s most beloved comedies, is generally thought of as a comical romance. A very important factor that makes the whole play a comedy, is magic, which is used to affect the lives of four Athenians: Hermia, Lysander, Helena and Demetrius. Bottom, also a simple human, falls victim of the fairies’ mischievous magic. The magic reaches these characters by Puck, a naughty fairy, and Oberon, the king of fairies. PuckRead MoreA Midsummer Nights Dream and Scene1024 Words   |  5 PagesA Midsummer Night’s Dream Study Questions ACT I, SCENE I - Due Date ____________________ 1. How is Hippolyta’s reasoning concerning how quickly the next four days will pass different from that of Theseus? 2. Why has Egeus brought his daughter and her two suitors to Theseus? What does Egeus expect him to do? 3. What was the proper role for women/daughters in Athenian society according to Egeus and Theseus? 4. What is Theseus’s ruling concerning Hermia? 5. How does Lysander’s comment about Demetrius’sRead MoreA Midsummer Nights Dream1121 Words   |  5 Pagesarranged by parents for financial support. Shakespeare, however, wrote about couples who choose each other and love in preference to money and social status. They prove their love through crazy antics and tender loving words. In A Midsummer Nights Dream right from the begining we see the romance and drama unfold with the characters Lysander and Hermia, both madly in love but both threatened during the pursuit of their love. Hermia is told by her father not to marry Lysander but to marry DemetriusRead MoreThe Power of Magic in A Midsummer Night’s Dream1475 Words   |  6 Pages In William Shakespeare’s book, A Midsummer Night’s Dream, magic is a powerful and useful tool for the characters that have the capability to use it. Some of the characters abuse the power of magic, while others are more responsible in how they use it. Oberon is one the characters that abuses the power of magic. Oberon’s magic has an immense impact on the plot of A Midsummer Night’s Dream. More specifically, Oberon’s magic affects his own life, the lives of other characters, and all the characters

Management Competencies Free Essays

Management Competencies – Experience of a Healthcare Manager Context Health care organisations in New Zealand today face similar challenges to those in other highly developed countries (1, 2). With growing aging populations and increasing burden of chronic illnesses the demand for publically funded health and disabilities services continues to grow significantly (1). This increase in need coupled with the advancements in technology has driven the costs of providing publically funded healthcare services to unsustainable high levels (1, 2). We will write a custom essay sample on Management Competencies or any similar topic only for you Order Now Public spending on healthcare has continued to rise at the rate of 6% per year over the last decade with 21% of share of public spending being on health in 2010 (2, 3). In a background of the global economic crisis, District Health Boards (DHBs) who are charged with the provision of publically funded health and disability services are increasingly having to re-engineer their systems and services to provide value in financially constraint environments (2). While this at a systems level may mean taking a â€Å"whole of systems† approach with integrated service models (2), at the unit-specific services level it also includes focused attention on productivity, quality, waste reduction and safety. Key Competencies of the Service Manager Management competence is an important determinant of healthcare organisational performance (5). Competence is an individual’s knowledge, skills and behaviours relevant to their practice and performance (6, 7). Evidence from the Management Matter Research Project indicates that â€Å"higher management practice in hospitals is strongly correlated with hospitals’ quality of patient care and productivity outcomes† (8). It reported that improved management practice in hospitals were related to better clinical outcomes, increased patient satisfaction and better financial performance (8). The management role focused in this case is the service manager, a middle management role responsible for the strategic development and deliverables of the health service. The role is also accountable for the operational budget and management of staff. This paper explores the experience of the service manager challenged with transforming the health service from a dysfunctional average performing unit to a high performing, progressive and highly respected and valued service. It discusses the competencies of effective management with some reflection by the health service manager on the management approach utilised. Given the challenges of improving performance and developing a highly functional team, the service manager utilised the influential model of leadership style over the traditional reactive and transactional style as the predominant style of management (9, 10). This included engaging the workforce in developing a common vision for the service with clear objectives (11). In order to ensure the service goals were aligned with the organisational goals, an important characteristic of the service manager during this process was having a good understanding of the changing healthcare environment and the organisational priorities (11, 12, 13). Critical to achieving change and success was also his ability to work with staff to collectively determine and communicate the â€Å"Why†, â€Å"What†, â€Å"How†, â€Å"Who† and â€Å"When† elements of managing change. Regular reinforcement of both the positive and negative implications of the situation as well as setting mutually agreed expectations were also important to achieving change (11). This transformational style of management was also instrumental in gaining confidence and trust of staff in order to manage the workforce culture issues of mistrust, low morale and dissatisfaction largely resultant from historical experiences. The evidence for efficacy of this style and the associated competencies has been demonstrated by 2 studies reporting that transformational leader behaviour has significant positive impact on employee satisfaction and psychological well-being (14, 15). Additional leader/manager behaviours required and demonstrated by the service manager were those that focused on individualised consideration including; creating close working relationships which encourage mutual respect, empowering and including employees in decision making, creating opportunities for employee development through coaching and mentoring and team building (16). The benefits of these behaviours are evidenced in other leadership theories including behavioural (consideration behaviours) approach and leader-member exchange theory (11, 14, 17, 18, 19). Followership and early recognition of the relationship dynamics of a team are also key elements to effective management. Working closely with followers and those with team influential ability is useful when change is likely to be difficult or experience high levels of resistance (11). The use of a collective approach to resolving a problem and delegating the ownership of solution creation to a staff member with high peer influential ability results in achievement of objectives. The ability of the service manager to move appropriately between directive and participatory type management styles was also important in certain situations (11, 19). This was particularly useful for implementing workplace behavioural expectations like punctuality and managing disrespectful behaviours. A key competency for healthcare manager effectiveness relevant to the management style illustrated above is emotional intelligence (EI) (20). Essentially, this competency recognises the â€Å"importance of highly developed interpersonal skills and the ability to get along with others† to be effective at influencing and negotiating (20). The key attributes of a manager with high EI include self-awareness, self regulation, self motivation, social awareness and social skills (20). A summary of the key management competencies relevant to the management style described here is illustrated by the matrix diagram below (Figure 1) (12, 13). In summary, management styles in healthcare that are based upon the principles of transformational and behavioural leadership and utilise the respective competencies are likely to be more successful. Furthermore, while there are specific skills, behaviours and knowledge that describe the key competency domains, their use in practice is interrelated (see Figure 1) and often context-specific. [pic] References 1. The Global Health Policy Summit 2012. Report of the inaugural meeting 1 August 2012. Institute of Global Health Innovation. London: Imperial College London (UK); 2012. https://workspace. imperial. ac. k/global-health-innovation/Public/GHPS_2012_Summit_Report. pdfs 2. Mays N. Reorienting the New Zealand healthcare system to meet the challenge of long term conditions in a fiscally constraint environment. Jan 2013 (revised version). Paper prepared for New Zealand Treasury Long-term Fiscal External Panel, November 2012, and Chair of Public Finance, Victoria University of Wellington and New Zealand Treasury conference, Affording our Future, Wellington, 10-11 December. http://www. victoria. ac. nz/sacl/about/cpf/publications/pdfs/Nick-Mays-Revised-Conference-Paper-Jan-2013-website-version. pdf 3. Ministry of Health. Health Expenditure trends in New Zealand 2000-2010. Aug 2012. http://www. health. govt. nz/publication/health-expenditure-trends-new-zealand-2000-2010 4. 5. Fine, D. Establishing Competencies for Healthcare Managers. Healthcare Executive. 2002; 172(2): 66-67. (Cited by: Shewchuk R M. O’Connor S, Fine D. Building an Understanding of the Competencies Needed for Health Administration Practice. Journal of Health Care Management. 2005; 50(1):32-47). 6. Filerman GL. Closing the management competence gap. Hum Resource Health. 2003; 1: 7. (Cited by: Santric MM, Bjegovic-Mikanovic VM, Terzic-Supic ZJ, Vasic V. Competencies gap of management teams in primary health care. Euro J Pub Health. 2010; 21(2): 247-253). 7. Parry SB. Just what is a competency? And why should you care? Training. 1998: 58-64. (Cited by: Santric MM, Bjegovic-Mikanovic VM, Terzic-Supic ZJ, Vasic V. Competencies gap of management teams in primary health care. Euro J Pub Health. 2010; 21(2): 247-253). 8. Dorgan S, Layton D, Bloom N, Homkes R, Sadu R, Van Reenen J. Management matters. Why good practice really matters. Healthcare Management Survey. McKinsey Company. London School of Economics and Political Science. 2010: 1-28. ttp://cep. lse. ac. uk/textonly/_new/research/productivity/management/PDF/Management_in_Healthcare_Report. pdf 9. Rubin RS, Munz DC, Bommer WH. Leading form within: The effects of emotion recognition and personality on transformational leadership behaviour. Academy of Management Journal. 2005; 48: 845-858. (Cited in: Yaker J, Donaldson-Fielder E. Management competencies for preventing and reducing st ress at work. Identifying and developing the management behaviours necessary to implement the HSE management standards. Phase 2. 2007. http://www. hse. gov. uk/research/rrpdf/rr553. pdf ) 10. Bass BM.. Two decades of research and development in transformational leadership. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology. 1999; 8: 9-32. (Cited in: Yaker J, Donaldson-Fielder E. Management competencies for preventing and reducing stress at work. Identifying and developing the management behaviours necessary to implement the HSE management standards. Phase 2. 2007. http://www. hse. gov. uk/research/rrpdf/rr553. pdf ) 11. Banaszak-Holl J, Nembhard I, Taylor L, Bradley E . Leadership and Management: A Framework for Action. Chapter 2. In: Burns LB, Bradley EH, Weiner BJ (editors). Shortell and Kaluzny’s Health Care Management Organisation Design and Behaviour. New York: Delmar Cenage; 2012. p. 33-62. 12. Stefl M. Common competencies for all healthcare managers: The Healthcare Leadership Alliance Model. J Healthcare Management. 2008; 53(6): 360-73. 13. Anderson P, Pulich M. Managerial competencies necessary in today’s dynamic health care environment. Health Care Manager. 2002; 21(2): 1–11. 14. Sosik JJ, Godshalk VM.. Leadership styles, mentoring functions received, and job related stress: A conceptual model and preliminary study. Journal of Organizational Behaviour. 000; 21: 365-390. (Cited in: Yaker J, Donaldson-Fielder E. Management competencies for preventing and reducing stress at work. Identifying and developing the management behaviours necessary to implement the HSE management standards. Phase 2. 2007. http://www. hse. gov. uk/research/rrpdf/rr553. pdf ). 15. AlimoMetcalfe B, AlbanMetcalfe RJ. The development of a new transformationa l leadership questionnaire. The Journal of Occupational Organizational Psychology. 2001: 74: 1-27. (Cited in: Yaker J, Donaldson-Fielder E. Management competencies for preventing and reducing stress at work. Identifying and developing the management behaviours necessary to implement the HSE management standards. Phase 2. 2007. http://www. hse. gov. uk/research/rrpdf/rr553. pdf ). 16. Shewchuk RM, O’Connor S, Fine D. Building an Understanding of the Competencies Needed for Health Administration Practice. Journal of Health Care Management. 2005; 50(1):32-47. 17. Gerstner CR, Day DV. Meta-analytic review of leader-member exchange theory: correlates and construct issues. Journal of Applied Psychology. 1997: 82; 827-844. (Cited in: Yaker J, Donaldson-Fielder E. Management competencies for preventing and reducing stress at work. Identifying and developing the management behaviours necessary to implement the HSE management standards. Phase 2. 2007. http://www. hse. gov. uk/research/rrpdf/rr553. pdf ). 18. Graen GB, UhlBien M. Relationship based approach to leadership: Development of leader-member exchange theory of leadership over 25 years: Applying a multi domain perspective. Leadership Quarterly. 1995; 6: 219-247. (Cited in: Yaker J, Donaldson-Fielder E. Management competencies for preventing and reducing stress at work. Identifying and developing the management behaviours necessary to implement the HSE management standards. Phase 2: 2007. http://www. hse. gov. uk/research/rrpdf/rr553. pdf). 19. Yaker J, Donaldson-Fielder E. Management competencies for preventing and reducing stress at work. Identifying and developing the management behaviours necessary to implement the HSE management standards. Phase 2. 2007. http://www. hse. gov. uk/research/rrpdf/rr553. pdf ) 20. Freshman B, Rubino L. Emotional Intelligence: A core competency for health care administrators. Health Care Manager 2002 20(4): 1- 9. ———————– Figure 1: Key Management Competencies for a HealthCare Manager How to cite Management Competencies, Papers

Bean Trees Essay free essay sample

Most authors convey an important message or idea throughout their novels to give a greater understanding to their readers. In Barbara Kingfishers novel, The Bean Trees, a strong idea that was developed was the possibility of new beginnings. The Bean Trees is the story of the protagonist Taylor Greer, who starts off on a journey from her home town of Kentucky to Arizona. Along the way she she Is given an abandoned child which is the start to her learning about motherhood, becoming a women, the power of friendships and also learns to be capable.The Idea of new singings Is the ability for characters to start over and leave their past behind them. It was mainly developed through Taylor, Turtle, and also a Guatemalan couple Stefan and Separates. The first person who helped develop this Idea Is Taylor. At the beginning of the story Taylor was called Marietta before she decided that she wanted to have a clean break because she had never been crazy about the names which she had been called previously. We will write a custom essay sample on Bean Trees Essay or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page I didnt have any special name In mind, but lust wanted a change this fitted into the theme of new beginnings because she was palpable of leaving behind her old life and things that surrounded her name and had the opportunity to have the chance to create a new destiny for herself. As well as giving herself another chance to start her life and live it the way that she wanted through the changing of her name she also left her home town, house, friends, and mother all in search of somewhere new to live her life. She used chance to decide where she was going to stop with the use of her car.Wherever it ran out of fuel or something happened to it, she would stop there. With the ambition of leaving her old Kentucky life behind her, she started a Journey which led her to Oklahoma. This just happened to be the place where she was given an abandoned child. This was another new beginning for Taylor. Can you talk?. .. What am I supposed to do with you tonight? What do you eat?.. . This series of questions that Taylor asked the abandoned child showed that she had absolutely no idea what she was doing and still had to learn the first steps of becoming a mother.It was a new beginning for her to take on responsibility for someone else. She had to grow, learn and understand in order to take care of the child that she had suddenly gained to take on her journey. She may not have understood what to do or how to do it, or even truly wanted this new beginning, but all in all she was given the chance. Kingfisher suggests through the use of Taylor that often life presents us with unexpected occurrences, but If grasped correctly can lead to a possible great change, and therefore future.Through the use of Taylor as a character Kingfisher helps to show us that around the corner, In every situation, If something as small as a car Journey, can lead to amazing opportunities to start afresh In our lives. Turtle Is another character that helps develop Kingfishers Idea of new beginnings. Turtle Is an abandoned 3 year old Indian child, who was abused when she was younger. After her mother died she was left to an unexpected Taylor who was just someone passing through the town, but turned into the receiver off child who she had no clue what to do with.On later inspection of the child which she named Turtle she noticed that her body was covered in ;bruises and worse as Taylor said. When Taylor realized that turtle was a could not imagine. Through this you can picture Just how horrible the life this young child must have had. However this was the end of her bad story and the beginning to a new one. Just like Taylor she is given a new name, but also a new mother, new friends, and a new chance. With the opportunity Turtle is now able to grow. Turtle had managed to get through her whole life without a book, I suppose, and then she had two of them bought for her in one day. This quote shows the beginning if Turtles chance of recovery. She was a 3 year old stuck in an 18 month old body. She was a child with a horrible past, but a chance to start over. The development of Turtle made you understand that the majority of people are at some point given the ability to have a new beginning, no matter how terrible their life was before hand. Stefan and Separates are a Guatemalan couple who are also given the opportunity to have a new beginning and therefore helped develop the idea of new beginnings. Stefan and Separates are people who are illegally living in Tucson. Separates and Stefan live in Mattes sanctuary that she has set up for people like them. After becoming good friends with Taylor they decide that they need to move on from Tucson and instantly running from the law. With Taylor and Turtle they set off to go to a safe house in Oklahoma. They were considered illegal and needed to be taken out of the country. However there should not be people Judged as legal or illegal. There is only a difference between people who are good or bad. Because of this they are taken to a safe house where they are unlikely to be taken away. Instead of focusing on the negative once at the church Stefan says dont think of us stuck here forever. Think of us back in Guatemala with our families. His optimism in their new ability to have a lean break and go back to their home country showed the idea of new beginnings in a different light. It'[s not always physically being somewhere that gives people their new beginnings.Sometimes it is Just a chance that makes believing in what was, or what could be, possible again. This is how Stefan and Separates helped doodle new beginnings as an idea in the novel. In conclusion, everyone has a chance at a new beginning, whether big or small. Three different sets of characters showed this throughout the novel The Bean Trees. Taylor helped the idea become present in the Tory as well as develop in as not only the physical actions that allow the new beginning to happen, but also a state of mind.Turtle developed the idea so that it showed the readers that Just because someones life starts out badly, it doesnt mean their opportunity to have a new beginning wont come along. Stefan and Separates developed the idea so that you realized sometimes all that you need is faith to have the chance at a new beginning. In the end new beginnings was an idea that many characters showed their their own stories and therefore developed into their own way of showing the idea and allowing readers to understand it.

Unplanned Housing in Dhaka City Finding Solutions free essay sample

In a country like Bangladesh, population is increasing at such an alarming rate that, in near future, living in sea can also become necessary. Especially in Dhaka, the situation is more complicated. As, Bangladesh couldn’t decentralize her capital, people from all over the country rush to Dhaka in search of better opportunity. As a result, almost one fifteenth of the population lives in one certain city. Dhaka is ranked 19th among the megacities by population and this population will reach to 26 million within 2025 if it remains uncontrolled. To accommodate this huge stream of people, unplanned residential areas came into being. Aristocratic people possessed more than sufficient land for their palaces whereas, poor people could only manage small slums to accommodate huge. Moreover, commercial areas overlapped in residential areas and total environment has become hazardous. Now the scenario is, one part of Dhaka shows the glamour of modern life with modern housing facilities, where, below the light, darkness resides in the highly increasing number of unplanned slums. We will write a custom essay sample on Unplanned Housing in Dhaka City: Finding Solutions or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page So, Dhaka is now a city of people and people everywhere with no place to feel safe to reside. So, it has become a must to re-plan Dhaka again for Healthy living. 2. Planned Housing and Dhaka city . 1 Planned Housing â€Å"Planned Housing† is a very important task before planning any megacity. To make a city fit for living, residential and commercial areas are needed to be distinguished. Then, to establish a proper housing, proper estimation and distribution of the expected population is needed. A planned housing system ensures safe and healthy living in a city. Planned housing is an age old practice. Many ancient cities like Rome or Baghdad had well planned housing system. In modern world, this practice has become more necessary as population has increased enormously but, land areas are still the same. So, only planned housing can accommodate this huge population. Figure 2: An urban plan with planned housing of 1902 2. 2 Planned Housing in Dhaka City As Dhaka is one of the most flourishing megacities in south-east Asia, the city is burdened with a lot of socio-economic headquarters and business possibilities. In any other city, this could be a positive side, but for Dhaka, this has become a big problem. People from all over the country are bound to step into this city because; all administrative and business headquarters of the country are in Dhaka. So, the population of Dhaka is ascending with no limits. So, a planned housing system is highly needed for the city. To make Dhaka a well planned megacity, â€Å"Rajdhani Unnayan Kortripokkho (RAJUK) â€Å"is the only organization that is assigned. RAJUK keeps eye on the total planning of the city and they are working on building a well planned housing system in the city. RAJUK covers 1528 sq. kilometers of area to plan a habitable Dhaka. The plan covers areas within- * Gazipur Pourashava(Municipality) to the North * Dhaleshawri River to the south * Bangshi and Dhaleshawri River to the west Shitalakkhya and Meghna River to the East Figure 3: Dhaka city map This total area is taken under the master plan named â€Å"Detailed Area Plan (DAP)†. Goal of DAP is to plan a better Dhaka with better opportunities of living, travelling and passing daily life with more comfort. So, the plan certainly covers measures to implement a proper housing system. RAJUK is expanding the city with new residential areas in Purbachal and Jhilmil. Some colonies for floating people are yet to be made. With all its effort, RAJUK is aiming at building a habitable atmosphere in Dhaka. 2. Recent Scenario of Housing System in Dhaka City Dhaka has become a city of overcrowded people now-a-days. It has become a common destination for job seekers, for higher studies, for business purpose and even sometimes it is a holiday destination. As a result, population in Dhaka has broken all limits. A survey shows that, Dhaka is the worst livable city among 140 cities of the world. . Figure 4: Comparison between the increase of land area and population in Dhaka city The figure above shows that, from 1608 to 2012, the population has climbed up whereas; land area could not keep pace with the flow. The blue line just attached with the horizontal axis shows the slow rate of increasing of the land area. This mismatch among between the increase of population and land area has created a huge pressure on Dhaka. Consequently, the scenario has created problems like- * Scarcity of sufficient land for accommodation * Difficulties in planning residential areas for such a huge population * Massive explosion of slums * High risk on public health * Huge traffic on road 3. Problems Due to Unplanned Housing * Problems Due to Diversity in Structures Due to unplanned housing, there prevails different types of structures without any regular frequency (e. g. somewhere skyscrapers are built where nearby exists slums) in all over Dhaka. Figure 5: Increasing slums of Dhaka City As a result, the megacity has lost its true beauty and balance. In time of disasters these housing structures are more damaged than usual due to this imbalance of housing structures. * Problem in Sanitation Proper sanitation cannot be provided to the inhabitants of Dhaka due to lack of a planned urbanization. Sanitation issues such as safe drinking water and ood, proper waste management are at stake in many areas of Dhaka. Especially in slums no proper sanitation can be provided to people. A large number of people live in a very congested place having temporary informal housings where there is no availability of safe drinking water and food and most of the temporary huts don’t have topping and ventilation. In slums they have common community bathroom sha red by at least 20 families and most of the bathrooms are generally fenced with gunny bags or without roofs which totally hampers the sanitation of slum-dwellers. * Problems in Transportation There are many housing areas in Dhaka which are blocking the roads area making roads and streets narrower. This causes lack of space for vehicles to move through the roads easily and sometimes this result in severe traffic jams. Moreover in rainy season, these roads and streets become almost unusable due to water logging after heavy rainfall. * Problems in Sewerage System Though Dhaka has a water-borne sewerage system, it is not sufficient to treat all the wastages of such a large number of housings. It can serve only 22% of the population while another 30% are served with septic tanks. Due to unplanned housings there exists a huge lack of proper drainage in central sewerage system which causes many serious problems. In flood time and rainy season this causes water logging which enhances the growth of mosquitoes, different germs and bacteria’s which eventually causes different diseases. * Problems in Water Supply System Unplanned housing in all over Dhaka makes situation adverse for providing necessary water supply to everyone. Only two-thirds of households in Dhaka are served by the city water system. As a result there prevails serious shortage of water supply in different areas causing immense suffering to people. Due to gradual sinking of ground water level is making the situation worse. * Problems in Power Supply Due to a large number of unplanned housings in Dhaka it is not possible for DESA to provide sufficient power supply to all. As a result, there exists a huge power supply demand and load shedding is one of the major problems of today’s Dhaka. * Building Vulnerability Most of the housings in Dhaka are built in such a way that doesn’t follow RAJUK’s building codes and a large number of them have not built their housings as they have submitted to RAJUK. Due to irrational violation of building codes, most of the structures are built weak enough to stand in time of natural disasters such as earthquake, tornado and in time of disaster or pressure on buildings, buildings are subjected to collapse. There are many buildings in Dhaka which are at least fifty years old and they can collapse anytime causing immense suffering to people. * Lose Increases in Disasters As houses in Dhaka are not being built in a planned way, it creates serious problems in tackling disasters such as earthquake, flood, and cyclone. Most of the structures subject to severe loss in disasters (e. . earthquake causes collapse of unsafe buildings while floods causing damages to housing materials). * Problems in Rescue Operation Current housing situations in Dhaka causes many problems in rescue operations after any kind of accident or calamity such as breaking out fire, collapse of building structure etc. Lack of a planned urbanization specially congested housing wastes many times to reach the affected place with rescue teams and rescue. * Environmental Pollution Unplanned housing in Dhaka is one of the main causes of environmental pollution in Dhaka. As industrial area and residential area are not separated, air polluted by smokes of industries and water is polluted by mixing of industrial wastages into water. As unplanned housing has enhanced lack of proper drainage and sewerage, it also pollutes air and water. * Hindrance in Infrastructural Development As there is no regular planned housing in Dhaka, it is very difficult to take any infrastructural development activities in Dhaka. In order to take any infrastructural development, it is required to demolish more number of housings than usual and this makes almost impossible to take any such development activities. . Questionnaire Analysis A questionnaire of 10 Questions used among 30 people revealed following information: Table 1: Questionnaire Analysis Area| Population Type| Housing System| Government steps| Problems in Future| Mohammadpur| Dense| Unplanned| Absent| May increase| Katabon| Medium| Semi-Planned| Absent| May be same| Kollyanpur| Dense| Unplanned| Absent| May incre ase| Mirpur| Dense| Unplanned| Absent| May increase| Shakhari Bazar| Dense| Unplanned| Absent| May Increase| Gulshan| Medium| Planned| Present| May remain same| Uttara| Medium| Planned| Present| May decrease| Analyzing the Questionnaire, some facts came to light as; * Newer parts of Dhaka are more planned than older ones * Government planning newer areas, but older are getting no moderations * Around 77% people (23 out of 30) have lost hope of any change * Around 63% people (19 out of 30) think, â€Å"Unplanned housing making Dhaka unlivable† * More than 86% people (26 out of 30) opine that, â€Å"Dhaka should be re-built† 5. Solutions * Decentralizing Dhaka Dhaka has become the centre of all socio-economic activities in Bangladesh. It has brought enormous pressure of people in Dhaka. In many developed countries, they use different capitals for different purposes. Same step should be taken to decentralize Dhaka as soon as possible. * Permanent Housing for Floating People Some permanent colonies should be made for the floating people, because, these people made slums for living which are now the main headache for the city planners to plan a housing system for Dhaka. * Implementing RAJUK Building Code Many buildings of Dhaka are not suitable for living as they are risky for lives. Some houses are also built in such a way that, they can accommodate only a few people in comparison to its land area. These types of problems are frequently seen in Dhaka which causes misuse of valuable lands. So, RAJUK Building Code should be strongly implemented. * Replacing Older Buildings Most of the older buildings of Dhaka are no longer usable or not planned to make best use of the land to accommodate maximum number of people. These buildings should be demolished and replaced by new planned ones. * Re-possessing Government Lands From Land Grabbers Many government lands are occupied by illegal land grabbers. As a result, these lands are coming to no use for the people; these lands should be freed in no time and used for housing purpose. . Conclusion Dhaka city is now the city of people and city of unplanned houses. Over crowded Dhaka is now at the verge of to be declared as an unlivable city. People here will fight for even a square miter of land in very near future. If situation remains same, no wonder that, people will start to live on streets. But none of the responsible authorities seems to be concerned. Though, now-a-days, some socio-cultural organizations are raising voice on this issue, but, they are not still strong enough to bring a change. So, it can be said undoubtedly that, Dhaka is going to be a death zone very soon. In such situation, there is no time left to sit idle. Dhaka should be decentralized, housing system should be re-sketched. RAJUK needs to be stricter; planners should chalk out best possible way to get us out of this catastrophe. Recently, Detailed Area Plan (DAP) has been introduced. Some satellite towns are in progress, some colonies are also going to be built for middle and lower middle income class people. But, everything is useless until the blind flow of people towards Dhaka is stopped. Since 1608, Dhaka is our pride. Our culture, our economy and our history everything got life from Dhaka. So, our existence loses value if Dhaka loses her pride. That’s why; it is our duty, to save our Dhaka, to ensure a better housing system for our next generation to live in. 7. Recommendations * Term Based planning As housing problem is an age old problem, it cannot be solved overnight. Some long planning highly needed to address the issue. Short term and long term planning should be introduced in this regard. * Encouraging people to return villages Many people come to Dhaka every year in search of fate. These people will leave Dhaka if they find proper opportunities to earn livelihood in their villages. Measures should be taken to send these people back to villages. If possible, some short term trainings and loans on easy terms can be offered to encourage them. Thus slums will be reduced and housing areas can be developed there. * Satellite Towns Around Dhaka Satellite towns around Dhaka should be given emphasize. If some people can be shifted there, pressure will be lessened on Dhaka and housing system can be re-shuffled easily. Moreover, as new towns will be pre-planned, so housing will also be planned there. * Forming Specialist Advisory Committee There are many housing experts in Bangladesh. A committee can be formed by them which will work on re-shuffling housing system of Dhaka. * Introducing A Guideline For Real-estate Business A proper guideline should be introduced for the real-estate business so that, their apartments and housing areas ensure proper housing environment. * Loans to Rebuild Old Houses In order to rebuild old and risky unplanned houses, the house owners should be granted loans on easy terms. The re-built houses should be multi-storied to accommodate larger number of people. Appendix A Questionnaire on Unplanned Housing in Dhaka City (For Academic Use Only) Name: †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. Age: †¦. Occupation: †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 1. Which area of Dhaka city do you live in? Ans: 2. What type of area it is ? (a) High populated (b) Moderate (C) Less populated 3. Are most of the houses in your area are planned? (a) Yes (b) No 4. Do you face any problem because of the structure plan? (a) Yes (b) No 5. do you think that the problems are increasing day by day? (a) Yes (b) No 6. Do you think that the situation can be developed? (a) Yes (b) No 7. Do you think that the government has taken enough step to reduce sufferings? (a) Yes (b) No 8. Do you think private sectors have influence on city planning? (a) Yes (b) No 9. Do you think that the unplanned structures should be demolished? (a) Yes (b) No 10. Do you think unplanned housing is making Dhaka unlivable? (a)Yes (b) No List of References Book: 1. â€Å"Business Co0rrespondence and Report Writing† by R C Sharma amp; Krishna Mohan Reports and Surveys: 1. Bangladesh Census Reports 2. †Detail Area Plan (DAP) of Dhaka Shattering the vision of DMDP†- The Daily Star, Saturday, December 20, 2008 3. Death for Dhaka if DAP fails†- The Daily Star, Thursday, January 31, 2013 Websites: 1. www. rajukdhaka. gov. bd 2. www. bbs. gov. bd 3. www. google. com 4. www . wikipedia. org 5. www. eiu. com Glossary 1. DAP- Detailed Area Plan 2. RAJUK- Rajdhani Unnoyon Kortripokkho, the authority to plan and develop Dhaka city. 3. EIU- Economist Intelligence Unit 4. BBS- Bang ladesh Bureau of Statistics [ 2 ]. : Th. Brinkhoff: The Principal Agglomerations of the World, 2012-04-01 [ 3 ]. Far Eastern Economic Review, Asia [ 4 ]. Global Liveability Survey-2012’ by Economists Intelligence Unit (EIU) [ 5 ]. Source: J. Taylor, Sketch of the Topography and Statistics of Dacca (Calcutta: Military Orphan Press, 1840) Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics, Bangladesh National Population Census Report 1974 (Dhaka: Ministry of Planning, 1977); Bangladesh Population Census 1991 Urban Area Report (Dhaka: Ministry of Planning, 1997); Population Census 2001 Preliminary Report (Dhaka: Ministry of Planning, 2001). Th. Brinkhoff: The Principal Agglomerations of the World, 2012-04-01 [ 6 ]. Appendix; page no. 11

Famous Quotes From Americas Legendary Presidents

Famous Quotes From America's Legendary Presidents Of the 44 American presidents, some shone brighter than others. Some went down in history for their indiscretions. Nevertheless, it has been a long and successful journey of presidential democracy. Here is a collection of famous presidential quotes that will inspire you.   Franklin D. RooseveltThe only thing to fear is, fear itself. John F. KennedyLet us resolve to be masters, not the victims, of our history, controlling our own destiny without giving way to blind suspicions and emotions. Herbert HooverAmerica- a great social and economic experiment, noble in motive and far-reaching in purpose. George H. W. BushRead my lips. No new taxes. Benjamin HarrisonHave you not learned that not stocks or bonds or stately houses, or products of the mill or field are our country? It is a spiritual thought that is in our minds. Woodrow WilsonNo nation is fit to sit in judgment upon any other nation. Andrew JacksonAny man worth his salt will stick up for what he believes right, but it takes a slightly better man to acknowledge instantly and without reservation that he is in error. Abraham LincolnThose who deny freedom to others, deserve it not for themselves; and, under a just God, can not long retain it. Warren Gamaliel HardingI dont know much about Americanism, but its a damn good word with which to carry an election. Ulysses S. GrantLabor disgraces no man, but occasionally men disgrace labor. Millard FillmoreGod knows that I detest slavery, but it is an existing evil, for which we are not responsible, and we must endure it, till we can get rid of it without destroying the last hope of free government in the world. George WashingtonIt is the duty of all nations to acknowledge the providence of Almighty God, to obey his will, to be grateful for his benefits, and humbly to implore his protection and favors. Dwight D. EisenhowerWhen you are in any contest you should work as if there were- to the very last minute a chance to lose it. William McKinley, Jr.The mission of the United States is one of benevolent assimilation. Ronald ReaganThe best minds are not in government. If any were, business would hire them away. Richard NixonA man is not finished when he is defeated. He is finished when he quits. Calvin CoolidgeCollecting more taxes than is absolutely necessary is legalized robbery. Benjamin HarrisonI pity the man who wants a coat so cheap that the man or woman who produces the cloth will starve in the process. William Henry HarrisonThere is nothing more corrupting, nothing more destructive of the noblest and finest feelings of our nature, than the exercise of unlimited power. Jimmy CarterAggression unopposed becomes a contagious disease. Lyndon JohnsonFor this is what America is all about. It is the uncrossed desert and the unclimbed ridge. It is the star that is not reached and the harvest that is sleeping in the unplowed ground. William H. TaftDont write so that you can be understood; write so that you cant be misunderstood. Rutherford Birchard HayesOne of the tests of the civilization of people is the treatment of its criminals. Bill ClintonWe must teach our children to resolve their conflicts with words, not weapons. Theodore RooseveltIt is hard to fail, but it is worse never to have tried to succeed. In this life we get nothing save by effort.

B. Ed. (IInd Year)

ES-362: Computers in Education Assignment 1 Answer the following questions in about 500 words each: i) Explain the criteria you would adopt to select a software for teaching with the help of a suitable example. (500 words) ii) Discuss the role of computers in financial accounting in the schools. (500 words) iii) Select a topic of your choice from your teaching subject. Divide the contents in the form of frames and arrange then in the sequential manner. (500 words) ES-363: Guidance and Counselling Assignment 1 Answer the following questions a) Discuss the use of aptitude and achievement tests in classroom teaching. Give examples. (250 words) b) Discuss the role of teachers in the career planning of their students. c) (250 words) Discuss the concept of inclusive education. You have a learner with disability in your classroom. Write a report on the instructional strategies you would adopt and the teachinglearning materials and environment you would create for making your classroom processes inclusive. (1000 words) 3 ES-364: Distance Education Assignment 1 Answer the following questions in about 1500 words: i) Describe different models of distance education institutions with emphasis on their relative advantages and disadvantages. (500 words) ii) Discuss the interrelationship between the characteristics of distance learners and those of distance education system. (500 words) iii) The use of media in distance education institutions has led to the evolutionary thinking on the development of distance education. Explain the statement in the context of different generations of distance education? (500 words) Assignments B. Ed (IInd Year) Assignments for two special compulsory courses BESE-065: HIV AND AIDS EDUCATION Assignment 1 Answer the following questions i) Explain briefly the profile of HIV and AIDS. (500 words) ii) Elaborate misconceptions of HIV, AID and STDs? (500 words) iii) Elaborate your role in a school for preventing Drug addiction and HIV. (500 words) BESE-066: ADOLESCENCE AND FAMILY EDUCATION Assignment 1 Answer the following questions i) Briefly explain the Personnel and Socio-cultural concerns of adolescents. (500 words) ii) Elaborate briefly the merits and drawbacks of Joint and Nuclear family. (500 words) iii) As a teacher, what role do you visualise as an individual in Family life education Elaborate with Illustrations. 4

Engaging Communication Technologies of the 1950s Assignment - 1

Engaging Communication Technologies of the 1950s - Assignment Example Moreover, the advent of digital media has brought the conditions of the old technologies into relief, making the world more conscious of the media environment (Winston, P. 12). This paper explores the technological advances in the media industry across the world in the 1950s. In particular, the paper discusses how technological changes affected the lives and perceptions of people in different regions of the world, comparing how technology was used then and its modern use. Among the decades of the second half of the 20th Century, perhaps the 1950s was regarded as the most conservative. Nevertheless, it is during the same period that different regions of the world experienced many advances and changes in technologies and their uses. In this regard, a lot changed in the way people carried out their routine activities as work became easier to do. Given that World War II had just ended less than a decade ago and the world had come to appreciate the use of machinery and technology during the war, different governments and individual scientists embarked on developing new technologies in addition to improving on the existing ones (Winston, P. 31). The technologies that people merely anticipated during and before World War II began to become a reality for many of the people, more so in the Western World and some regions of Asia. Among the sectors that benefitted most from the technological developments of the 1950s was the communication and transport sector, particularly the media industry. It is therefore not be realistic and proper to label the 1950s a sleepy or a conservative decade. As far as media technology is concerned, the 1950s was one of the most productive and revolutionary decades. For example, a rapid change was recorded in both television and radio technology and content. In addition, there were developments in the technologies related to newspaper